The modern town of Delphi is situated immediately west of the archaeological site of the same name. The town was created as a home for the population of Castro, which was relocated to allow for the excavation of the site of ancient Delphi.

According to Greek Mythology, Zeus determined the site of Delphi when he sought to find the centre of his "Grandmother Earth" (Gaia). He sent two eagles flying from the ends of the universe (eastern and western extremities) to find the navel of the world. The path of the eagles crossed over Delphi where the omphalos, or navel of Gaia (Earth) was found. The location took its name from the word "delphini" (dolphin) as according to the myth god Apollo arrived there from Crete riding a dolphin. Between the sixth and fourth centuries BC, the Delphic oracle, which was regarded as the most trustworthy, was at its peak. Cities, rulers and ordinary individuals alike consulted the oracle, expressing their gratitude with great gifts and spreading its fame around the world.